Saturday, February 16, 2013

The Symbolist Movement Begins

Gustave Moreau The Apparition (c. 1876) oil on canvas

Gustave Moreau’s art is one that is very unique. I feel as though it is quite important to include his works in my gallery because of his significant part in the French Symbolist Movement. Symbolism rejects traditional iconography and replaces it with subjectivity. The movement was one from universal, objective truth articulated in academic art to individual, subjective at with an emotional experience. The French Symbolist Movement was the welcoming of the hallmark of modernism. Although Moreau played a large role in the movement, he was a painter that enjoyed using mythological themes and figures as well as themes from the Bible. He placed explicit messages and detailed representations in his paintings, such as, those found in The Apparition (1876).
In The Apparition (1876), Moreau’s approach, in my opinion, is to place the viewer in the position of an attendee at King Herod’s birthday party. The story in this painting is from the Biblical passage in Matthew 14:1-12.

The Death of John the Baptist

14 At that time Herod the tetrarch heard about the fame of Jesus, and he said to his servants, “This is John the Baptist. He has been raised from the dead; that is why these miraculous powers are at work in him.” For Herod had seized John and bound him and put him in prison for the sake of Herodias, his brother Philip’s wife,[a] because John had been saying to him, “It is not lawful for you to have her.” And though he wanted to put him to death, he feared the people, because they held him to be a prophet. But when Herod’s birthday came, the daughter of Herodias danced before the company and pleased Herod, so that he promised with an oath to give her whatever she might ask. 8 Prompted by her mother, she said, “Give me the head of John the Baptist here on a platter.” 9 And the king was sorry, but because of his oaths and his guests he commanded it to be given. 10 He sent and had John beheaded in the prison, 1and his head was brought on a platter and given to the girl, and she brought it to her mother. 12 And his disciples came and took the body and buried it, and they went and told Jesus.
Matthew 14:1-12

As you can see when you read this passage of Scripture, it was King Herod’s birthday when John the Baptist was beheaded. Why, one might wonder, especially after looking at this painting? The interpretation made was that King Herod had his daughter dance for him, which in our day seems very inappropriate, but then it was not viewed quite the same to everyone. Nevertheless, he told her that she could have whatever she wished as long as she danced for him, and she did. Herod was pleased with her dancing and asked her what she wanted and she replied saying that she wanted the head of John the Baptist, thus he is beheaded and his head is brought to her on a platter. Although we do not see John the Baptist’s head on a platter here, we do see the meticulous artwork and depiction of his head without a body floating with light gleaming from all around it. In my opinion, I believe Moreau wished to bring light to John the Baptist’s face in order to somewhat lighten the mood of the anxiety-ridden moment we find ourselves in as the viewer. This anxiety is also called Mal-du-sielce.

Moreau painted this piece in the late 1800′s, which is one of the first times we see women taking the role of men. Femme Fatale was the name that I would have given to Herod’s daughter, Salome, because she was a deadly woman with evil initiatives and motives. These depictions begin to emerge more about a century later, in the late 1970′s. The Women’s Right’s Movement was beginning to take form in the United States, and we begin to see more of these “deadly women” in art. The Apparition (1876) was a piece that really opened up doors for Moreau during this particular time. As far as the elements go in this painting, he used materiality to place details in the columns, in her outfit, and around John the Baptist’s head. It is a very unique dynamic.

Gustave Moreau Samson and Delilah (1882) watercolor

As I said above, Moreau used materiality to create detailed depictions within his artwork. In this particular piece, Moreau makes a Biblical reference to Samson and Delilah in the book of Judges, chapter 16. Delilah was not a prostitute but a deceiver. Samson was in love with Delilah and told her he loved her, however, when she asked him where his strength lies, he told her the first time that his strength would fail if he was bound by seven fresh bowstrings that have not been dried. She bound up using the bowstrings, but he broke free. She asked him again, and the second time he said his strength will fail if he is bound with new ropes that have not been used, and she bound him up, but he broke free. The third time she asked him, and he said that his strength would fail if he was bound up with seven locks of his head with the web and fasten it tight with the pin. Once again he broke free, and she felt as though he was lying since he had told her he loved her and where his strength lied.
He ended up telling her where his strength truly lied, which was in his hair, and she had him lay down, which is what is shown in this painting. Moreau’s paintings are incredible and are very insightful both in an academic (Biblical) sense, and they are also very beautifully detailed. I really like the differences in these two pieces, but more than anything I like the referencing he uses which adds value to the art, in my opinion.

Samson and Delilah
18 When Delilah saw that he had told her all his heart, she sent and called the lords of the Philistines, saying, “Come up again, for he has told me all his heart.” Then the lords of the Philistines came up to her and brought the money in their hands. 19 She made him sleep on her knees. And she called a man and had him shave off the seven locks of his head. Then she began to torment him, and his strength left him. 20 And she said, “The Philistines are upon you, Samson!” And he awoke from his sleep and said, “I will go out as at other times and shake myself free.” But he did not know that the Lord had left him. 21 And the Philistines seized him and gouged out his eyes and brought him down to Gaza and bound him with bronze shackles. And he ground at the mill in the prison. 22 But the hair of his head began to grow again after it had been shaved.
Judges 16:18-22

I hope you have enjoyed reading this blog about these beautiful works of art done by Gustave Moreau! More coming soon as we enter in to more of the Post-Impressionist artists’ works I have in my gallery! Please feel free to leave comments and add anything you found interesting!

-Gallery 9310, The Owner

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